The lake is the venue of a highly revered pilgrimage trek undertaken
during the month of August/September corresponding to the month of Bhadon according to Hindu calendar, on the eighth day of the New Moon period. It is known as the ‘Manimahesh Yatra’. The Government of Himachal Pradesh has declared it as a state-level pilgrimage.[4]
There are two trekking routes to the lake. One is from Hadsar
village that is mostly frequented by pilgrims and trekkers. This route
is easier and have adequate arrangement for basic food and accommodation
during the pilgrimage season. The other one is from village Holi, which
is for the more adventurous ones. This route climbs up further and then
descends to the lake, providing a beautiful view. There is no other
habitation, except for a small village on this route.
According to one popular legend, it is believed that Lord Shiva created Manimahesh after he married Goddess Parvati,
who is worshipped as Mata Girija. There are many legends narrated
linking Lord Shiva and his show of displeasure through acts of avalanches and blizzards that occur in the region.[1]
Legend also mentions that Shiva performed penance on the banks of
Manimahesh Lake. In the same vein, it is mentioned that Gaddis
(Shepherd), the tribes of this region, adopted Lord Shiva as their
deity. Gaddis are the people who reside in the Gaddi Valley which is the
name of the upper regions of Ravi River
where the Mount Chamba Kailash lies. Further, according to the legend,
the Shiva, who lived in Mount Kailash, the highest mountain of the
state, gifted the Gaddis with a Chuhali topi (pointed cap), which they
wear traditionally along with their other dress of chola (coat) and dora
(a long black cord about 10–15 m long). The Gaddis started calling the
land of this mountainous region as 'Shiv Bhumi' ("Land of Shiva") and
themselves as devotees of Shiva. The legend further states that before
Shiva married Parvati at Lake Manasarovar
and became the "universal parents of the universe", Shiva created the
Mount Kailash in Himachal Pradesh and made it his abode. He made Gaddis
his devotees. The land where Gaddis lived extended from 15 miles (24 km)
west of Bharmaur, upstream of the confluence of Budhil and Ravi rivers,
up to Manimahesh. Manimahesh was also considered the abode of the three
Lords of the universe namely, Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma. Manimahesh was reckoned as the heaven (Kaliasa)
of Lord Shiva. The waterfall seen at the Dhancho on the way to
Manimahesh Lake, and which emanates from the lake, was considered as the
heaven (Vaikunta) of Vishnu. The heaven of Bramha is cited as a mound
overlooking the Bharmaur city. The Gaddis also believe that Shiva
resides in the Mount Kailash for six months, whereafter he moves to the netherworld
handing over the reigns to Lord Vishnu. The day he departs to the
netherworld is observed by the Gaddis reverentially every year, which is
the Janmashtami day, the eighth day of the month of Bhadon (August),
the birthday of Lord Krishna
(an incarnation of Lord Vishnu). Shiva returned from the netherworld to
Bharamaur at the end of February, before the night of his wedding and
this day is observed as the Shivratri day; Gaddis observe this also as a festive day since Shiva and Parvati returned to Mount Kailash in the Gaddi land.[5]
Etymology of 'Manimahesh' signifies a "jewel (Mani) on Lord
Shiva's (Mahesh's) crown". According to a local legend, the moon-rays
reflected from the jewel can be seen from Manimahesh Lake on clear full moon
night (which is a rare occasion). However, it has been inferred that
such a phenomenon could be the result of reflection of light from the
glacier that embellishes the peak in the form of a serpent around
Shiva's neck.[3]
A legend in which Lord Shiva himself is tricked is narrated.
According to this narration linked to Dhancho where pilgrims spend a
night on their way to Manimahesh Lake, Lord Shiva, pleased with the
devotion of one of his ardent devotees Bhasmasur (an asura
or demon) bestowed a boon, which gave powers to Bhasmasur under which
Bhasmasur touching anyone would reduce that person to ashes. Bhasmasur
wanted to try this boon on Shiva himself. He, therefore, followed Shiva
to touch him and get rid of him. However, Shiva managed to escape and
enter into the waterfall at Dhancho and take shelter in a cave behind
the rolling waters of the fall. Bhasmasur could not get through the
waterfall. Then, Lord Vishnu intervened and killed Bhasamasur. Since
then the fall is considered holy[6]
A rare event of the first sun’s rays falling on the Mani Mahesh peak is seen in reflection in the lake like saffrontilak.
This display in the lake has enhanced the legendary belief of the
Gaddis on the sanctity of Manimahesh Lake at the base of the Mount
Kailash, which they visit on an annual pilgrimage. This event has also
contributed to the practice of taking bath in the lake on Janmashtami
day or Radhashtami day, fifteen days after the birth of Lord Krishna.[5]
Geography
A small lake with pilgrims living in tents during the annual - Manimahesh Yatra
The lake, of glacial origin, is in the upper reaches of the Ghoi
nala(refer Leomann maps:India Himalaya Map 4) which is tributary of
Budhil river, a tributary of the Ravi River
in Himachal Pradesh. However, the lake is the source of a tributary of
the Budhil River, known as ‘Manimahesh Ganga’. The stream originates
from the lake in the form of a fall at Dhancho. The mountain peak is a
snow clad tribal glen of Brahamur
in the Chamba district of manimahesh range. The highest peak is the
Mani Mahesh Kailas, also called ‘Chamba Kailash' (elevation 5,656 metres
or 18,556 ft) overlooking the lake. The lake, considered a glacial
depression, is sourced by snow-melt waters from the surrounding hill
slopes. Towards the end of June with ice beginning to melt, numerous
small streams break up everywhere, which together with the lush green
hills and the myriad of flowers give the place a truly remarkable view.
The snow field at the base of the mountain is called by the local people
as Shiva’s Chaugan Shiva's playground. According to a belief, Lord Shiva stayed here with his consort Parvati.[1][7][8][9]
Manimahesh is approached from three routes. Pilgrims from Lahaul and Spiti pass through Kugti pass. Pilgrims from Kangra and Mandi
take the Karwarsi pass or Jalsu pass via Tyari village, near Holi in
Bharmour. The easiest and popular route is from Chamba via Bharmour.[2][7]
The most popular is the Bhanrlour–Hadsar-Manimahesh route which
involves a 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) track from Hadsar village to the
Manimahesh Lake. The highest altitude touched in this route is 4,115
metres (13,501 ft) and it takes two days with an overnight stay at
Dhancho. Season to be undertaken is June to October and it has a gentle
grade. The path leading to the lake is well maintained.[2]
Halfway up this track is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) of open and flat
meadow land to Dhancho. Tented accommodation is available here during
August–September. Night halt is preferred here. Free kitchens are opened
by people to feed pilgrims. But many prefer to go and pitch their tents
next to the lake to feel a divine experience. En route, there is
waterfall at Gauri Nallah known as the Dhancho fall. From Dhancho, it
is a steep climb. This track has seen lot of improvements over the
years. In the past the first climb was first done by crossing Dhancho
nalla. It was so tough that people used to crawl to get across. Since
they used to crawl like a monkey in this stretch it was known as 'Bandar
Ghati' (monkey valley). Now this track is much improved and the newly
constructed path is used. However, some still prefer to take the old
route as an adventure and go through the Bandar Ghati.[2][8]
In the past, on the trek from Dhancho, the bridge over the Mani
Mahesh river was crossed to reach the left bank of the valley. After 2
kilometres (1.2 mi), the river was again crossed, over another wooden
bridge, to the right bank.[10]
From this point, the climb passes through many zigzag paths along flowered meadows. Birch
trees are seen in the vicinity, which indicates a gain in altitude as
the trek proceeds. Along this stretch of the trek route, there are a
number community kitchens
(eateries) at about 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) elevation. From this
location, the trail to Mani Mahesh Lake could be discerned. The
waterfall, flowing from the lake, is also seen at this stage. A further
trek of 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) through the grassy ridges leads to the
Manimahesh Lake.[10]
Lake and its precincts
Even
though the Manimahesh Lake is of small size with shallow depth, its
location, directly below Manimahesh Kailas peak and several other peaks
and dangling glaciers, is an "inspiration even to the least devout
pilgrim."[10]
Trekking in the last reach is through the glacier fields of the
lake. However, on the way, the walk is through the valley of flowers and
wild medicinal herbs up to the lake. The lake is situated at the centre
of a snowy field touching the sacred peak. The lake is surrounded by
sandy boulders, small hilly mounds and prickly dry bushes, and there is
no sign of any grass. It is called Shiv Chaugan (play ground of Lord
Shiva). The lake appears as if it has penetrated the rugged valley. On a
clear day the reflection of the abode of Shiva, the Kailash Mountain
can be seen on the lake surface. All the year round, the place remains
desolate, without any inhabitants, because none dares to stay here. The
air is fresh but icy cold. There are almost no fauna in the lake at its
precincts – no ants, snakes or any kind of wild life. A few Bird species
are sighted rarely. The silence of the place is broken only when the
pilgrims visit the place in large numbers, an evening before the holy
dip (locally known as naun) in the lake.[11]
According to legend, Lord Shiva performed penance for several
hundred years here. The water cascades sprang out from his matted hair
and took the form of the lake. The lake as formed appears like a saucer.
It has two distinct parts. The larger part has icy cold water, called
the 'Shiv Karotri' (the bathing place of Lord Shiva). The smaller part
of the lake, which is hidden by the bushes, has lukewarm water and is
called 'Gauri Kund', the bathing place of Parvati, Shiva's consort.
Thus, men and women bathe in different parts of the lake. According to
rites, the dip (called locally as naun) in the lake is taken four times, if permitted or otherwise only once.[11]
In the periphery of the lake, now there is a marble image of Lord
Shiva, which is worshipped by pilgrims. The image is called the
Chaumukha. The lake and its surroundings present an impressive view. The
still, clear and unpolluted waters of the lake reflect the snow-capped
peaks that overlook the valley.[1][7][12] There is also a small temple in the shikhara style on the periphery of the lake. A brass image of Lakshmi Devi known as Mahishasuramardini is deified in the temple.
Pilgrimage
The
holy pilgrimage to the Manimahesh Lake (revered by local people as
resting place of Lord Shiva) is supported by the Government of Himachal
Pradesh, Manimahesh Pilgrimage Committee and several voluntary
organizations. For the Gaddi tribal population of the region, pilgrimage to the lake is most holy. It is held every year during the Hindu month of Badon on Radhastami, the 15th day following the festival of Janmashtami, corresponding to the Gregorian month of August or September. The Yatra or Jatra, as it is called, is also popularly known as the 'Manimahesh Yatra'.[13]
It is heralded by a procession known locally as "holy chhari" (holy
stick carried by the pilgrims on their shoulders) trek undertaken by
pilgrims and sadhus. Pilgrims undertake the holy trek barefoot and cover
a distance of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from the nearest road point of
Hadsar[14]
to the Manimahesh Lake. Lord Shiva is the presiding deity of the yatra.
The colorful procession of the "chhari" is accompanied by singing and
recitation of hymns in praise of Lord Shiva. The Chhari trek, considered
a tough trek, follows a set ancient route with stops at the designated
places. To facilitate this trek, pilgrims are provided with facilities
of transport (jeeps up to road ends), food and medical facilities and so
forth. It is a two-day trek to the lake from Hadsar with a night halt
at Dhanchho. Tents are available for hire at Bharmour or Chamba, Himachal Pradesh.
Ponies are hired by some devotees for the trek. Direct trekking from
Chamba is also an option undertaken by the devout, which is a nine-day
trek; the route followed is Rakh
(20 kilometres (12 mi)), Bharmaur, Hadsar (12 kilometres (7.5 mi)),
Dhancho (7 kilometres (4.3 mi)) and Manimahesh (7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi))
with a brief halt at Bhiram Ghati. The return trip follows the same
route.[1][4][7][9]
The holy trek starts from the Laxmi Narayan temple and the
Dashnami Akhara in Chamba town, with the sacred stick ('Chhari') of Gur Charpathnath
carried by the pilgrims with participation of sadhus. The trek to the
lake takes about 6 days. After the procession arrives at the lake,
ceremonies are held all through the night. On the following day,
pilgrims take a holy dip (naun) in the lake. After taking bath in the holy waters of the lake, pilgrims circumambulate the lake three times as an act of reverence, seeking blessings of the Lord Shiva.[1]
However, before taking a final dip in the Mani Mahesh Lake, women
devotees take a dip at the Gauri Khund, which is situated about a mile
short of the lake while men take bath at Shiv Karotri a part of the main
lake. The belief is that Parvati, Shiva’s consort bathed at the Gauri
Khund, while Shiva took his bath at the Shiv Karotri. State priests of
Bharmaur Brahmin family perform the worship (Pujas) in all temples within the lake precincts.
Smt. Indira Gandhi in the holy cave of MataVaishno Devi, Jammu.#Navratri#नवरात्रि
In 1986, Jagmohan , then governor of Jammu and Kashmir, initiated the MataVaishno Devi Shrine Act, which was later confirmed by the state legislature (India Today, 1989). He created a board that continues to provide administration for the shrine as well as to facilitate pilgrims
Gold plated Mata Darbar entrance at #VaishnoDevi installed ahead of Navratra festival. #JaiMataDi
The lake is the venue of a highly revered pilgrimage trek undertaken
during the month of August/September corresponding to the month of Bhadon according to Hindu calendar, on the eighth day of the New Moon period. It is known as the ‘Manimahesh Yatra’. The Government of Himachal Pradesh has declared it as a state-level pilgrimage
There are two trekking routes to the lake. One is from Hadsar
village that is mostly frequented by pilgrims and trekkers. This route
is easier and have adequate arrangement for basic food and accommodation
during the pilgrimage season. The other one is from village Holi, which
is for the more adventurous ones. This route climbs up further and then
descends to the lake, providing a beautiful view. There is no other
habitation, except for a small village on this route.
According to one popular legend, it is believed that Lord Shiva created Manimahesh after he married Goddess Parvati,
who is worshipped as Mata Girija. There are many legends narrated
linking Lord Shiva and his show of displeasure through acts of avalanches and blizzards that occur in the region.[1]
Legend also mentions that Shiva performed penance on the banks of
Manimahesh Lake. In the same vein, it is mentioned that Gaddis
(Shepherd), the tribes of this region, adopted Lord Shiva as their
deity. Gaddis are the people who reside in the Gaddi Valley which is the
name of the upper regions of Ravi River
where the Mount Chamba Kailash lies. Further, according to the legend,
the Shiva, who lived in Mount Kailash, the highest mountain of the
state, gifted the Gaddis with a Chuhali topi (pointed cap), which they
wear traditionally along with their other dress of chola (coat) and dora
(a long black cord about 10–15 m long). The Gaddis started calling the
land of this mountainous region as 'Shiv Bhumi' ("Land of Shiva") and
themselves as devotees of Shiva. The legend further states that before
Shiva married Parvati at Lake Manasarovar
and became the "universal parents of the universe", Shiva created the
Mount Kailash in Himachal Pradesh and made it his abode. He made Gaddis
his devotees. The land where Gaddis lived extended from 15 miles (24 km)
west of Bharmaur, upstream of the confluence of Budhil and Ravi rivers,
up to Manimahesh. Manimahesh was also considered the abode of the three
Lords of the universe namely, Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma. Manimahesh was reckoned as the heaven (Kaliasa)
of Lord Shiva. The waterfall seen at the Dhancho on the way to
Manimahesh Lake, and which emanates from the lake, was considered as the
heaven (Vaikunta) of Vishnu. The heaven of Bramha is cited as a mound
overlooking the Bharmaur city. The Gaddis also believe that Shiva
resides in the Mount Kailash for six months, whereafter he moves to the netherworld
handing over the reigns to Lord Vishnu. The day he departs to the
netherworld is observed by the Gaddis reverentially every year, which is
the Janmashtami day, the eighth day of the month of Bhadon (August),
the birthday of Lord Krishna
(an incarnation of Lord Vishnu). Shiva returned from the netherworld to
Bharamaur at the end of February, before the night of his wedding and
this day is observed as the Shivratri day; Gaddis observe this also as a festive day since Shiva and Parvati returned to Mount Kailash in the Gaddi land.[5]
Etymology of 'Manimahesh' signifies a "jewel (Mani) on Lord
Shiva's (Mahesh's) crown". According to a local legend, the moon-rays
reflected from the jewel can be seen from Manimahesh Lake on clear full moon
night (which is a rare occasion). However, it has been inferred that
such a phenomenon could be the result of reflection of light from the
glacier that embellishes the peak in the form of a serpent around
Shiva's neck.[3]
A legend in which Lord Shiva himself is tricked is narrated.
According to this narration linked to Dhancho where pilgrims spend a
night on their way to Manimahesh Lake, Lord Shiva, pleased with the
devotion of one of his ardent devotees Bhasmasur (an asura
or demon) bestowed a boon, which gave powers to Bhasmasur under which
Bhasmasur touching anyone would reduce that person to ashes. Bhasmasur
wanted to try this boon on Shiva himself. He, therefore, followed Shiva
to touch him and get rid of him. However, Shiva managed to escape and
enter into the waterfall at Dhancho and take shelter in a cave behind
the rolling waters of the fall. Bhasmasur could not get through the
waterfall. Then, Lord Vishnu intervened and killed Bhasamasur. Since
then the fall is considered holy[6]
A rare event of the first sun’s rays falling on the Mani Mahesh peak is seen in reflection in the lake like saffrontilak.
This display in the lake has enhanced the legendary belief of the
Gaddis on the sanctity of Manimahesh Lake at the base of the Mount
Kailash, which they visit on an annual pilgrimage. This event has also
contributed to the practice of taking bath in the lake on Janmashtami
day or Radhashtami day, fifteen days after the birth of Lord Krishna.[5]
Geography
A small lake with pilgrims living in tents during the annual - Manimahesh Yatra
The lake, of glacial origin, is in the upper reaches of the Ghoi
nala(refer Leomann maps:India Himalaya Map 4) which is tributary of
Budhil river, a tributary of the Ravi River
in Himachal Pradesh. However, the lake is the source of a tributary of
the Budhil River, known as ‘Manimahesh Ganga’. The stream originates
from the lake in the form of a fall at Dhancho. The mountain peak is a
snow clad tribal glen of Brahamur
in the Chamba district of manimahesh range. The highest peak is the
Mani Mahesh Kailas, also called ‘Chamba Kailash' (elevation 5,656 metres
or 18,556 ft) overlooking the lake. The lake, considered a glacial
depression, is sourced by snow-melt waters from the surrounding hill
slopes. Towards the end of June with ice beginning to melt, numerous
small streams break up everywhere, which together with the lush green
hills and the myriad of flowers give the place a truly remarkable view.
The snow field at the base of the mountain is called by the local people
as Shiva’s Chaugan Shiva's playground. According to a belief, Lord Shiva stayed here with his consort Parvati.[1][7][8][9]
Manimahesh is approached from three routes. Pilgrims from Lahaul and Spiti pass through Kugti pass. Pilgrims from Kangra and Mandi
take the Karwarsi pass or Jalsu pass via Tyari village, near Holi in
Bharmour. The easiest and popular route is from Chamba via Bharmour.[2][7]
The most popular is the Bhanrlour–Hadsar-Manimahesh route which
involves a 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) track from Hadsar village to the
Manimahesh Lake. The highest altitude touched in this route is 4,115
metres (13,501 ft) and it takes two days with an overnight stay at
Dhancho. Season to be undertaken is June to October and it has a gentle
grade. The path leading to the lake is well maintained.[2]
Halfway up this track is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) of open and flat
meadow land to Dhancho. Tented accommodation is available here during
August–September. Night halt is preferred here. Free kitchens are opened
by people to feed pilgrims. But many prefer to go and pitch their tents
next to the lake to feel a divine experience. En route, there is
waterfall at Gauri Nallah known as the Dhancho fall. From Dhancho, it
is a steep climb. This track has seen lot of improvements over the
years. In the past the first climb was first done by crossing Dhancho
nalla. It was so tough that people used to crawl to get across. Since
they used to crawl like a monkey in this stretch it was known as 'Bandar
Ghati' (monkey valley). Now this track is much improved and the newly
constructed path is used. However, some still prefer to take the old
route as an adventure and go through the Bandar Ghati.[2][8]
In the past, on the trek from Dhancho, the bridge over the Mani
Mahesh river was crossed to reach the left bank of the valley. After 2
kilometres (1.2 mi), the river was again crossed, over another wooden
bridge, to the right bank.[10]
From this point, the climb passes through many zigzag paths along flowered meadows. Birch
trees are seen in the vicinity, which indicates a gain in altitude as
the trek proceeds. Along this stretch of the trek route, there are a
number community kitchens
(eateries) at about 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) elevation. From this
location, the trail to Mani Mahesh Lake could be discerned. The
waterfall, flowing from the lake, is also seen at this stage. A further
trek of 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) through the grassy ridges leads to the
Manimahesh Lake.[10]
Lake and its precincts
Even
though the Manimahesh Lake is of small size with shallow depth, its
location, directly below Manimahesh Kailas peak and several other peaks
and dangling glaciers, is an "inspiration even to the least devout
pilgrim."[10]
Trekking in the last reach is through the glacier fields of the
lake. However, on the way, the walk is through the valley of flowers and
wild medicinal herbs up to the lake. The lake is situated at the centre
of a snowy field touching the sacred peak. The lake is surrounded by
sandy boulders, small hilly mounds and prickly dry bushes, and there is
no sign of any grass. It is called Shiv Chaugan (play ground of Lord
Shiva). The lake appears as if it has penetrated the rugged valley. On a
clear day the reflection of the abode of Shiva, the Kailash Mountain
can be seen on the lake surface. All the year round, the place remains
desolate, without any inhabitants, because none dares to stay here. The
air is fresh but icy cold. There are almost no fauna in the lake at its
precincts – no ants, snakes or any kind of wild life. A few Bird species
are sighted rarely. The silence of the place is broken only when the
pilgrims visit the place in large numbers, an evening before the holy
dip (locally known as naun) in the lake.[11]
According to legend, Lord Shiva performed penance for several
hundred years here. The water cascades sprang out from his matted hair
and took the form of the lake. The lake as formed appears like a saucer.
It has two distinct parts. The larger part has icy cold water, called
the 'Shiv Karotri' (the bathing place of Lord Shiva). The smaller part
of the lake, which is hidden by the bushes, has lukewarm water and is
called 'Gauri Kund', the bathing place of Parvati, Shiva's consort.
Thus, men and women bathe in different parts of the lake. According to
rites, the dip (called locally as naun) in the lake is taken four times, if permitted or otherwise only once.[11]
In the periphery of the lake, now there is a marble image of Lord
Shiva, which is worshipped by pilgrims. The image is called the
Chaumukha. The lake and its surroundings present an impressive view. The
still, clear and unpolluted waters of the lake reflect the snow-capped
peaks that overlook the valley.[1][7][12] There is also a small temple in the shikhara style on the periphery of the lake. A brass image of Lakshmi Devi known as Mahishasuramardini is deified in the temple.
Pilgrimage
The
holy pilgrimage to the Manimahesh Lake (revered by local people as
resting place of Lord Shiva) is supported by the Government of Himachal
Pradesh, Manimahesh Pilgrimage Committee and several voluntary
organizations. For the Gaddi tribal population of the region, pilgrimage to the lake is most holy. It is held every year during the Hindu month of Badon on Radhastami, the 15th day following the festival of Janmashtami, corresponding to the Gregorian month of August or September. The Yatra or Jatra, as it is called, is also popularly known as the 'Manimahesh Yatra'.[13]
It is heralded by a procession known locally as "holy chhari" (holy
stick carried by the pilgrims on their shoulders) trek undertaken by
pilgrims and sadhus. Pilgrims undertake the holy trek barefoot and cover
a distance of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from the nearest road point of
Hadsar[14]
to the Manimahesh Lake. Lord Shiva is the presiding deity of the yatra.
The colorful procession of the "chhari" is accompanied by singing and
recitation of hymns in praise of Lord Shiva. The Chhari trek, considered
a tough trek, follows a set ancient route with stops at the designated
places. To facilitate this trek, pilgrims are provided with facilities
of transport (jeeps up to road ends), food and medical facilities and so
forth. It is a two-day trek to the lake from Hadsar with a night halt
at Dhanchho. Tents are available for hire at Bharmour or Chamba, Himachal Pradesh.
Ponies are hired by some devotees for the trek. Direct trekking from
Chamba is also an option undertaken by the devout, which is a nine-day
trek; the route followed is Rakh
(20 kilometres (12 mi)), Bharmaur, Hadsar (12 kilometres (7.5 mi)),
Dhancho (7 kilometres (4.3 mi)) and Manimahesh (7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi))
with a brief halt at Bhiram Ghati. The return trip follows the same
route.[1][4][7][9]
The holy trek starts from the Laxmi Narayan temple and the
Dashnami Akhara in Chamba town, with the sacred stick ('Chhari') of Gur Charpathnath
carried by the pilgrims with participation of sadhus. The trek to the
lake takes about 6 days. After the procession arrives at the lake,
ceremonies are held all through the night. On the following day,
pilgrims take a holy dip (naun) in the lake. After taking bath in the holy waters of the lake, pilgrims circumambulate the lake three times as an act of reverence, seeking blessings of the Lord Shiva.[1]
However, before taking a final dip in the Mani Mahesh Lake, women
devotees take a dip at the Gauri Khund, which is situated about a mile
short of the lake while men take bath at Shiv Karotri a part of the main
lake. The belief is that Parvati, Shiva’s consort bathed at the Gauri
Khund, while Shiva took his bath at the Shiv Karotri. State priests of
Bharmaur Brahmin family perform the worship (Pujas) in all temples within the lake precincts .
Hinglaj Mata (Balochi and Urdu: ہنگلاج ماتا), also known as Hinglaj Devi, Hingula Devi and Nani Mandir, is a Hindu temple in Hinglaj, a town on the Makran coast in the Lasbela district of Balochistan, Pakistan, and is the middle of the Hingol National Park. It is one of the Shakti Peethas of the Hindu goddess Sati.[1] It is a form of Durga or Devi in a mountain cavern on the banks of the Hingol River.[2]
Over the last three decades the place has gained increasing popularity
and became a unifying point of reference for Pakistan's many Hindu
communities.[3] Hinglaj Yatra is the largest Hindu pilgrimage in Pakistan. More than
40,000 people take part in the Hinglaj Yathra during the spring.[4]
Hinglaj Mata (Balochi and Urdu: ہنگلاج ماتا), also known as Hinglaj Devi, Hingula Devi and Nani Mandir, is a Hindu temple in Hinglaj, a town on the Makran coast in the Lasbela district of Balochistan, Pakistan, and is the middle of the Hingol National Park. It is one of the Shakti Peethas of the Hindu goddess Sati.[1] It is a form of Durga or Devi in a mountain cavern on the banks of the Hingol River.[2]
Over the last three decades the place has gained increasing popularity
and became a unifying point of reference for Pakistan's many Hindu
communities.[3] Hinglaj Yatra is the largest Hindu pilgrimage in Pakistan. More than
40,000 people take part in the Hinglaj Yathra during the spring.[4]
The cave temple of Hinglaj Mata is in a narrow gorge in the remote, hilly area of Lyari Tehsil in Pakistan's Balochistan province. It is 250 kilometres (160 mi) to the northwest of Karachi, 12 miles (19 km) inland from the Arabian Sea and 80 miles (130 km) to the west of the mouth of the Indus. It is at the end of a range of Kheerthar hills, in the Makran desert stretch, on the west bank of Hingol River.[5][6] The area is under the Hingol National Park.[7]
The shrine is in a small natural cave. There is a low mud altar.
There is no man-made image of the goddess. A small shapeless stone is
worshiped as Hinglaj Mata. The stone is smeared with Sindoor (vermilion), which possibly gives the location its Sanskrit name Hingula, which is the root of the present-day name Hinglaj.[6]
Other places of worship in and around Hinglaj are Ganesh Deva,
Mata Kali, Gurugorakh Nath Dooni, Braham Kudh, Tir Kundh, Gurunanak
Kharao, Ramjarokha Bethak, Aneel Kundh On Chorasi Mountain, Chandra
Goop, Khaririver and Aghore Pooja.[7]
Significance
The temple draws large numbers of devotees
The temple's annual yatra pilgrimage
Hinglaj Mata is said to be very powerful deity who bestows good to
all her devotees. While Hinglaj is her main temple, temples dedicated to
her exist in neighbouring Indian states Gujarat and Rajasthan.[8] The shrine is known as Hingula, Hingalaja, Hinglaja, and Hingulata in Hindu scriptures, particularly in Sanskrit.[9]
The goddess is known as Hinglaj Mata (the Mother Hinglaj), Hinglaj Devi
(the Goddess Hinglaj), Hingula Devi (the red goddess or the Goddess of
Hingula)[6] and Kottari or Kotavi.[10]
The chief legend of Hinglaj Mata relates to the creation of the Shakti Peethas. The daughter of PrajapatiDaksha, Sati was married to the god Shiva against his wishes. Daksha organized a great yajna
but did not invite Sati and Shiva. Uninvited, Sati reached the
yajna-site, where Daksha ignored Sati and vilified Shiva. Unable to
withstand this insult, Sati immolated herself activating her chakras,
(energy generated through her anger).
Sati died, but her corpse did not burn. Shiva (as Virabhadra)
slew Daksha for being responsible for Sati's death and forgave him,
resurrecting him. The wild, grief-stricken Shiva wandered the universe
with Sati's corpse. Finally, the god Vishnu
dismembered the body of Sati into 108 parts, from which 52 fell on
earth and others on other planets in the universe which became Shakti
Peethas, temple to a form of the Goddess.
Shiva is also worshiped at each Shakti Pitha in the form of Bhairava, the male counterpart or guardian of the presiding goddess of the Pitha.[11] The head of Sati is believed to have fallen at Hinglaj.[7][12][8]
The Kularnava Tantra mentions 18 Pithas and mentions Hingula as the third one. In the Kubjika Tantra, Hingula is listed among the 42 Shakta or Siddha Pithas in which Hinglaj is at the fifth place.[13] The Pithanirnaya or Mahapithanirupana section from the Tantrachudamani originally listed 43 names, but names were added over time making it 51 Pithas. It details the Pitha-devata or Devi (name of goddess at the Pitha), the Kshastradishas (Bhairava) and the anga-pratyanga (limbs including ornaments of Sati). Hingula or Hingulata is the first in list, with the anga-pratyanga being Brahmarandhra (a suture in the crown of the head). The Devi is known by several names such as Kottari, Kottavi, Kottarisha, and the Bhairava is Bhimalochana.[14] In the Shivasharitha, Hingula is again the first in a list of 55 Pithas. Brahmarandhra is the anga-pratyanga, the goddess is called Kottari and the Bhairava is Bhimalochana (located in Koteshwar).[15]
In the non-scripture 16th century Bengali work Chandimangal, Mukundaram lists nine Pithas in the Daksha-yajna-bhanga section. Hinglaja is the last Pitha described to be the place where Sati's navel fell.[16]
Another legend narrates that Hingol and Sundar, sons of Vichitra who lived in the Treta yuga (second of four Hindu eons), tormented the people. To free the people from their tyrant, the god Ganesha slew Sundar. Then, the people prayed to Devi
(the Hindu Goddess) to kill Hingol as well, which she agreed to do. She
followed Hingol to the cave, which is currently the Hinglaj Mata
shrine. Before he was killed, Hingol requested the goddess to name the
place after him, which she granted.[8]
Another legend is related to the caste Brahmakshatriya, who venerate Hinglaj Mata as their family deity. When the god Parashurama was persecuting kshatriyas (the warrior caste), some Brahmins
(priest caste) provided protection to 12 kshatriyas and disguised them
as Brahmins, and they were also protected by Hinglaj Mata. This caste
traces its roots to the Brhmakshatriyas. Another variation of the tale
is that the sage Dadhichi provided protection to Ratnasena, a king ruling in Sind, in his ashram
(hermitage). However, Parashurama killed him when he ventured out. His
sons remained in the ashram. When Parashurama visited the ashram, they
were disguised as Brahmins. One of them, Jayasena, returned to Sind to
rule the kingdom, armed with a protective mantra of Hinglaj Mata, given by Dadhici. Hinglaj Mata protected Jayasena and ordered Parshurama to end his killing spree.[8]
The local Muslims
also hold Hinglaj Mata in reverence and provide security to the shrine.
They call the temple the "Nani Mandir" (lit. "maternal grandmother’s
temple").[17] The goddess is herself called Bibi Nani (respected maternal grandmother). Bibi Nani may be the same as the goddess Nana, that appears on Kushan coins and was widely worshiped in West and Central Asia.[10][18] Local Muslim tribes, following an ancient tradition, join the pilgrimage group and call the pilgrimage the "Nani Ki Haj".[1]
Annual pilgrimage
Hinglaj Mata Mandir Cave entrance
Once pilgrims arrive in Hinglaj they complete a series of rituals, like climbing the Chandragup and Khandewari mud volcanoes. Devotees throw coconuts into the craters in the Chandragup
mud volcano to make wishes and thank the gods for answering their
prayers. Some scatter rose petals, others paint their bodies and faces
with clay. Pilgrims then take a ritual bath in the sacred Hingol River before finally approaching the shrine marking the goddess’s resting place.[19]
The annual four-day pilgrimage to the Hinglaj Mata Temple is in April.
The major ceremony in the pilgrimage occurs on the third day, when the
priests of the shrine recite mantras to invoke the gods to accept the offerings brought by the pilgrims, and bless them.[5] Offerings made by the pilgrims to the deity primarily consist of three coconuts.[12] While some remain in Hinglaj for all four days, others make a short day trip.[20]
Pilgrimage to the site is traditionally begun from the Nanad Panthi Akhada in Karachi. The pilgrim groups are headed by a holy staff bearer called the chaadiar, authorized by the Akhada (a Hindu organization of sadhus). The sadhus (holy-men) belonging to this group are a very cohesive group of Hata yogis with ancestral genealogy of their own; and they also observe secret rites.[1]Historically
few could make the taxing journey to Hinglaj—a grueling trek across
more than 160 miles of isolated desert to the temple. But in recent
years, new infrastructure has allowed an unprecedented number of
pilgrims to enter the site, altering centuries-old rituals.[21]
Pilgrims from all over Pakistan and even India visit the temple,[22]
holding traditional red banners and wearing red-gold decorative
head-scarves, which are associated with sanctuaries of Hindu goddesses,
in this case Hinglaj Mata. What was once a journey of more than 150
kilometres (93 mi) by foot through the desert from the nearest road, is
now made easy by the Makran Coastal Highway connecting Karachi with Gwadar. Hinglaj is 328 km and nearly 4 hours drive from Karachi
on the Makran Coastal Highway. Consequently, the number of pilgrims
visiting the shrine has substantially increased over the years; the last
reported figure[when?]
was 25,000 to 30,000. While most pilgrims come by buses or private
cars, a few cycle their way to the shrine, as it is believed that more
the austerities, the more is the grace of the deity.[20][23][24][3]
Before the independence of India and Pakistan
in 1947, the region constituting present-day Pakistan had 14% Hindu and
Sikh population, which fell to 1.6% or about 3 million due to migration
of 6 million Hindus and Sikhs to India.[25] Of these, nearly 2.3 million Hindus, the largest concentration is in a single district: Tharparkar District (Thar) district of Sindh Province.
They form the largest contingent of pilgrims to Hinglaj Mata Temple.
They include merchants, government servants, but the majority are the
lower-class Hindus, serving as bonded labourers and farm workers. The
costumes of these folks from rural Pakistan are most colourful. Their
women dress in heavily embroidered clothes with bangles adorning their
wrists. For Thari children employed as bonded labour, this is a one-time
fun time. The pilgrims include middle-class Hindus, especially from
nearby Karachi, which is a stop on the pilgrimage route to Hinglaj.[20][26][27]
The pilgrimage serves as meeting point for places and doing
community activity like gathering funds for construction of a Hindu
temple.[17]
Hundreds of volunteers help in the organization. Diesel generators are
installed. Vast community kitchens are set up to cook food prepared with
tonnes of food stuff such as wheat floor, rice, lentils, and vegetables
supplied by local people to feed the pilgrims. Three meals are
prepared.[28] Temporary bathroom facilities and camps are installed.[20]
Historically few could make the taxing journey to Hinglaj—a
grueling trek across more than 160 miles of isolated desert to the site
of Sati’s fallen head. But in recent years, new infrastructure has
allowed an unprecedented number of pilgrims to enter the site, altering
centuries-old rituals.[29]
Kuldevi
Hinglaj Devi worshiped as Kuldevi
(family or caste deity) of Bhawsar(Bhavsar) samaj, Gosavi ,
Goswami(Dashnami), Brhamkshatriya samaj (Hindu Khatri) ,Barot (caste) ,
Bavaliya(mer) (Samaj of Saurastra Gujarat), In south India Especially
Banjaras or Lambadi's Community Worship Hingalaj Devi as one of the
Sathi Bhavani. Hingalaj Devi late Incarnation Jagadamba or Merama Yadi
is famous in South India Banjara community. Sevalal, devotee of
Jagadamba is also worshiped in most of the south Indian states by
Banjaras.
As per the popular folklore of Treta Yuga, a virtuous Haihaya king of Mahishmati of Malwa region, Sahastrabahu Arjuna or Sahastararjun, more widely known as Kartavirya Arjuna drunk with power and sense of invincibility ends up killing the great Brahman sage Jamadagni over a sacred cow Kamadhenu. Furious at this heinous crime, son of Jamadagni, Lord Parashurama vows to vanquish the power-drunk Kshatriya
clan from Earth. Wielding his divine AXE, he eliminates Sahastararjun
and later on he rages on earth 21 times, each time decimating unvirtuous
and unworthy kings wherever he went.
Terrified with the prospect of death at Lord Parashuram, the progeny of Sahastararjun seek Janaka Maharaj, one of the most learned king of Videha
who advises them to seek Hinglaji Mata's blessing. The clan devotedly
pray to Devi at Higloj who is overcome with compassion and assures
shelter in her place. Over time, when Lord Parashuram visits this place,
he was pleasantly surprised to see Kshatriya clan involved in many
Brahminical activities having shed their arms. Hinglaj Mata intervenes
on their behalf, and since then the clan disowned arms. Lord Parashuram
not only taught them scriptures and Vedas, but also weaving for a
living. The clan with a sense of relief then branches out and spread
across Sindh, Panjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and later on to South India, such as Telangana, Andrapradesh and Karnataka. And where ever they went they continued worshiping Hinglaj Devi. Bhavasars, Barot (caste), Shimpis and Khatris
of Somavaunsha Sahasrarjun Kshatriya trace their origin to this clan.
Some of those who remained in Sindh province later on converted to
Islam. Of note, even to they are one of the oldest non-Brahmin clans who
had knowledge of Vedas. To this day many works as weavers and tailors.[30]
Amba Bhavani or Jagadamba is considered as one of the later
incarnations of Hinglaj Devi by the same communities who also worship
her mostly in Western India.
The lake is the venue of a highly revered pilgrimage trek undertaken
during the month of August/September corresponding to the month of Bhadon according to Hindu calendar, on the eighth day of the New Moon period. It is known as the ‘Manimahesh Yatra’. The Government of Himachal Pradesh has declared it as a state-level pilgrimage.[4]
_During_Yanglaj_Yatra_2017_Photo_by_Aliraza_Khatri.jpg)
_During_Yanglaj_Yatra_2017_Photo_by_Aliraza_Khatri.jpg)
