The temple spring complex
is affectionately known as Kheer Bhawani because of the thousands of
devotees who have offered milk and ‘Kheer’ to the sacred spring, which
magically changes colour, turning black which warns of disaster.
The temple of Kheer Bhawani is situated
at a distance of 14 miles east of Srinagar against the background of
natural sight near the village of Tula Mula. This temple, is located in
the middle of a spring, around which there is a vast area whose floor
has been covered with smooth and beautiful stones. In it exist large and
old chinar trees beneath which the pilgrims sit or sleep on mats of
grass. The colour of the spring goes on changing .
The term kheer refers to rice pudding that is offered in the spring to
propitiate the Goddess, which became part of the name of the temple. As
is the custom with Hindu deities, she has many names: Maharagya Devi,
Ragnya Devi, Rajni, Ragnya Bhagwati, and so on.
It is the most important temple for the
Kashmiri Hindus in Kashmir, known as the Kashmiri Pandits. Around the
temple is an area covered with smooth and beautiful stones. In it are
large, old-growth chinar trees beneath which the pilgrims sit or sleep
on mats of grass. While most of the colours do not have any particular
significance, the colour of the spring water changes occasionally.
When black or darkish, it is believed to
be an indication of inauspicious times for Kashmir. In 1886, Walter
Lawrence, the-then British settlement commissioner for land, during his
visit to the spring, reported the water of the spring to have a violet
tinge.
History of Kheer Bhawani
The mention of Kheer Bhawani is found in
Kalhana’s Rajtarangini. Kalhana writes that the sacred spring ofTula
Mula is situated in a marshy ground. The name of the spring is Mata
Ragini Kund. Maharagini is the form of Durga Bhagvati. The Brahmins of
Kashmir worship this spring and pilgrims from every comer of the country
visit to have the darshan of the place.
In Rajtarangini Tula Mula is considered
very sacred and the Brahmins of Tula Mula were very great and powerful.
The spring of Maharagya was very sacred. Thousands of years ago many
floods occurred in Kashmir and the sacred spring of Tula Mula also was
inundated under its sway and the holy place could nowhere be traced. All
around was water. At last Kashmir’s Yogi Krishna Pandit had a dream in
which the goddess appeared to him and ordered that she would swim in the
form of a snake at the proper place and that he should stick large
poles and when the water subsided there the holy spot was discovered.
This event happened during the Samvat 4041.
The mention of this temple is also found
in Abu-i-Fazal’s book Aini-Akbariin which is written that the area of
Tula Mula extended over the area of hundred bighas of land, which got
sunk in the summer season and formed into a marsh. Swami Rama Tirtha and
Swami Vivekananda also visited here to have the darshan of the place.
With the pouring of milk and throwing of sugar candy in the spring by
the pilgrims, a thick and solid layer was formed at its bottom. When it
was cleared, the ruins of an old temple and shrine slabs engraved with
figures were discovered. Here many images were also found but nobody
rebuilt the temple till the Samvat 1969 when Maharaja Pratap Singh who
was the disciple and worshipped this goddess, got a marvellous temple of
marble made in the midst of the spring which shines like a pearl in a
shell.
Some people are of the opinion that there was a mulberry tree near holy
spot of Kheer Bhawani which, in Kashmiri, is called Tul Mul. But Tul Mul
is also derived from the Sanskrit phrase-Tul Muli-that is of great
value. This means that all other pilgrim centres are of lesser value
than this one. It is said that after Ravana finished the worship of the
goddess he offered the kheer (rice pudding) to the goddess which she
accepted and since then it is called Kheer Bhawani.
Pandit Prasad Joo Parimoo, a Kashmiri
pandit, is believed to have been a grahasta (house-holder) saint of tall
order and as such his peers would call him Jada Bharata, who was a
legendary saint of Puranas times. He used to live in Sekidafer area of
Srinagar in Kashmir.
He was married but didn’t have any
children so he is said to have finally adopted a son named Madhav Joo.
He would regularly meditate at this holy spring and during one such
occasion, while being in a meditative trance (samadhi), he is said to
have had a vision of the deity of Mata Kheer Bhawani, who reprimanded
him for his hasty decision of going for an adoption when she was herself
desirous of taking birth in his family as his daughter.
Nonetheless, she is said to have blessed
him with the boon and eventually Pandit Prasad Joo Parimoo’s wife did
give birth to a daughter, who was named Haar Maal. Approximate year of
her birth would be 1870-1880 (see notes).
In the course of time, Smt Haar Maal got
married to Pandit Narayan Joo Bhan and gave birth to a son in 1898 who
later came to be called Bhagwan Gopinath during his lifetime.
Mela Kheer Bhawani: The devotees of the Goddess fast and gather here on
the eighth day of the full moon in the month of May/ June (The Annual
Festival, held here, is a public holiday in Kashmir) when, according to
belief, the Goddess changes the colour of the spring’s waters, which are
ascribed to different manifestations of the Goddess. Turning of the
colour into shades of black is supposed to signal approaching disaster.
Be it Hindus or Muslims, devotees from all across India throng the temple during the Kheer Bhawani festival.
“Devotees from all walks, places and
faiths come here to make offerings and we get to meet everyone. I appeal
to everyone who comprise our Kashmiri Pandit brothers too, without whom
we are incomplete. That if peace is to be restored in Kashmir, then
everybody should come back home.The Kashmiri Pandits, even if they
revolt against us. They have all the right to do so and also to place
their thoughts before everyone,” said Sahkir Bashir, a Muslim devotee.
Among the thousands of devotees are many
Hindu Kashmiri Pandits who migrated from the state when terrorism was
at its peak in the valley. Many of them have now settled in other
states. However, for many of them, the annual pilgrimage to this temple
is a sort of homecoming, a return to their roots.
It is at Kheer Bhawani temple that the
age-old tradition of communal harmony comes to the fore front as the
local Muslims set up stalls for the convenience of Kashmiri Pandits who
visit the temple.
According to the legend, there were 360
springs surrounding the main spring but all of these seem to have
disappeared as the land has become marshy all around.
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