Shailputri,
Baramulla
by
Chander M. Bhat
Vande Vanchhitalabhay Chandrardhakritshekharam !
Vrisharudham Schooldharam Shailputreem Yashasvineem !!
[Shailaputri
is one of many names of goddess
Parvati. She is called Shail-Bala or Shail-Putri because she was born as
Himalaya’s Daughter. Himalaya, being a mountain
(Parvat or Shail), She is called Parvati or Shail-Putri. Navratra’s
first day is devoted to Mata
Shailputri. She rides on Vrash (Bull), she has Shool (Trident) in one of
her hands, there is half-moon on her crown, and she is beneficial for
whatever one wishes.]
Shaktaism (Mother Worship) represents advancement in the
Shaivism. It accepts Shakti as Mother, Who is the Absolute Power behind
every act of manifestation. She is worshipped as Mother. The worship of
the Mother, in the form of Uma is the most ancient form of worship in
Kashmir. There are many shrines associated with Mother Goddess. The
shrine of Ragyna Devi is located at
Tullamulla; in North Kashmir some 18 km from Srinagar. The shrine
dedicated to the worship of Uma Devi is located at Uma Nagri
(Brari Aangan) some 18 km from Anantnag. The shrine dedicated to Zyestha
Devi is located atop the eastern spur of Shankaracharya hill, on the
left bank of Dal Lake. The ruins of the shrine dedicated to Bhima Devi
are lying in village Theid near Mughal garden
Nishat. The shrine dedicated to Bhaderkali lies deep in forest among
tall pine trees on a slope of a hillock, 4 km away from village Wadipora
north of
Handwara. The shrine dedicated to the worship of Sharika Devi is located
at Chakrishor on the western slope of Hari Parvat hill in Srinagar. The
shrine dedicated to the worship of Sharda Devi is located in village
Shardi in Muzaffarabad now in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir. The shrine
dedicated to the worship of Brari Maej is located in village Murran some
4 km to the west of Pulwama town. Bhuvaneshwari (Mata
Bhuvaneshwari, is one of the seven sister-divinities and the youngest of
them, the other six being
Ragyna, Sharika, Jwala, Zyestha, Uma and Sharda) is another shrine in
Kashmir at village Chandpora near
Harwan. The shrine of Jwala Devi is situated on top of a hillock
overlooking village
Khrew. The shrine dedicated to the worship of Shiva Bhagwati is in
village Akingam near famous Mughal garden
Achabal. The shrine dedicated to the worship of Bala Devi is in village
Balhama
(Bala Devi is the Isht Devi of Dogra rulers). The shrine dedicated to
Bedi Devi in near village Keller in Pulwama District. The shrine
dedicated to Shailputri is in Baramulla town.
There are many more shrines dedicated to Mother Goddess in Kashmir as Kulwagishori Shrine at village
Kulgam, Ragyna Shrine at village Zainapora, Barga Shakha on a hillock at village
Mattan, Ksheer Bhawani at village Manzgam, The shrine of Chandika Devi at village
Sagam, the shrine of Jaya Bhagwati on a Karewa in village Bijbehara, Katyayani Devi at village
Kakran, the shrine of Tripurasundri at Khanbarnen, Mangla Devi at village Wuchi near Zainapora,Gauri Shrine in village Baugam
(Anantnag), Ragyna Shrine in village Logripora (Loketpur) near Ashmuqam, Devibal at village
Raithan, Devibal at Badipora near Chadura, Sharda Shrine in village Yachhkot, Bhimashori Devi at village
Zoonipora, Bumai, Sopore, the shrine of Ganga Mata in village Handwara, Ragyna shrine at village Tikker
(Kupwara), Gaurishori Bhagwati at village Geeru, Tral, the shrine of Pingla Devi at village Pinglana near
Pulwama, Ragyna Devi shrine at village Trisal (Pulwama), Chandika Devi at village Tengpuna near
Pulwama, Devibal at village Ratnipora, the shrine of Tutla Devi at village
Wahibugh, Lokeshwari Devi at Maharaj Gunj, Srinagar, Durga Mandir, Kharyar, Maha Kali Asthapan at Feteh
Kadal, the shrine of Tripuraganga at village Triphar close to Harwan.
After the self-immolation as Goddess Sati, Goddess Parvati took birth as
the daughter of Lord Himalaya. In Sanskrit Shail means the mountain and
due to which Goddess was known as
Shailputri, the daughter of the mountain.
Goddess Shailputri is worshipped on the first day of Navratra’s.
It is believed that the Moon, the provider of all fortunes, is governed
by Goddess Shailputri and any bad effect of the Moon can be overcome by
worshipping this form of Adi
Shakti.
The
mount of Goddess Shailputri is bull and because of that she is also
known as
Vrisharudha. Goddess Shailputri is depicted with two hands. She carries
Trident
(Trishul) in the right hand and the lotus flower in the left hand. The
shrine of Shailputri is situated in Baramulla town in Kashmir.
55 km from Srinagar, Baramulla is situated on both the banks of Vitasta.
Baramulla is an ancient town sprung around the shrine Vishnu
Adi-Varaaha which is located at the lower, i.e. northern, end of the
town on the Jhelum near the present
Kotitirth. Apart from its strategic importance, being in control of the
route leading from the valley to the outside world, especially
Hazara, Gilgit, Gandhara, the town enjoyed distinction for being a
cultural centre for the Hindus (at
Varahakhetra) and the Buddhists at Hushkapora (present Vushkor) were
Huien Tsang stayed for two nights. Later he said that some copper
plates, on which the proceedings of Kanishka’s council were engraved,
lay buried here. The name Varahamula is obviously derived from the
Tirtha of the
Adi-Varaha, the Boar incarnation. It has been generally referred to as
Varahakshetra which includes the shrine and its
neighbourhood. Varahamula contracted into Varamul which non-Kashmiri
scribes turned into
Baramulla.
There
were about 1200 Kashmiri Pandit families in Baramulla prior to mass
exodus and was considered second town in Kashmir Valley having such a
big population of Kashmir Pandits after Anantnag town. Pandits were
mainly residing at Kanli Bagh, Ushkura, Rangwar, Dewan Bagh, Rajghat,
Ramghat, Khawja Bagh and Jatti. All the families migrated to other parts
of the country on outbreak of militancy in the valley in the year
1990.
Devibal, popularly known as Shailputri or Shaila Devi, is located on the
left bank of Vitasta on the National Highway, just 1 km from Baramulla
on Baramulla-Uri road at Anapur (present day Khanpur). The shrine is
nearly 1000 years old which can be testified from the remains found at
the site, placed on the left side under a big Chinar inside main
entrance of the shrine. These are six in number and include a unique
Shiv Lingam. The main entrance of the shrine is close to the road. One
has to step down eight stairs by using staircase to reach the temple
premises laid with dressed stones. This beautiful temple is surrounded
by four mighty Chinar trees. Some big wild trees also form the part of
this complex and it is said that in entire Kashmir valley these types of
wild trees are only seen in Shailputri Shrine. There are two walnut and
15 popular trees in the premises of this temple comprising about seven
kanals of land. One has to turn right after walking eight yards to
reach the main entrance of the sanctum sanctorum and then there is
ascend of seven steps to enter. Within the premises is a holy spring,
inside which stands a marble temple like the one at Ksheer Bhawani, with
a marble icon of Mother Shailputri facing towards south. The premise is
105 feet long and 47 feet wide and has space for circumbulating
(Parikrama), with the floor laid with marbles, around it. Holy spring is
sixty feet in length and twenty feet in width having crystal clear
water? Water oozes on the right hand side top corner of the holy
spring. Kashmiri Pandits hold this Ashthapan in high esteem and consider
it next to Ksheer Bhawani. One has to step down seven steps to reach
Vitasta Ghat. There is one Dharamshala within the temple premises.
Security forces are occupying this Dharamshala at present.
On the other side of the road opposite to Shailputri Shrine there is a
big mountain called Bhairav Bal. A small temple has been constructed on
the opposite to the main entrance of Shailputri shrine at the foot of
this hill near a Shilla.
After mass exodus of Pandit from the valley, the shrine remained without
any care and started to wither from its pristine glory. The shrine was
burnt to ashes in October 1990. I was posted in Baramulla and I saw with
my open eyes the flames in the sky. It was about 8 p.m. Other day
there was complete curfew in the town and I enquired from a police
personal who was guarding the Dak Bunglow, where we the employees of
Postal Department were residing that what had happed. He told that
Shailputri temple has been burnt by some miscreants and the icon of
Mother Goddess has been shifted to Police Lines. It was later confirmed
that the main idol of the Shailputri riding on an ox was attacked and
its arms and legs axed. I visited this shrine after some days when
curfew was relaxed. The temple was having a devastated look. The Chinar
trees which had lost their leaves due to fire were themselves reflective
of the grief and sorrow of this shrine. History will not spare the
generations of Kashmiris who wrought such havoc to this land. The temple
was again constructed by Rashtriya Rifles and was re-opened on 28th
November 1995. Master Anoop Singh told me that the temple located at the
foot of Bhairav Bal opposite Shailputri temple was also attached and
was set on fire but the temple does not catch fire and the same temple
is lying intact at present. Two persons who axed the main idol later
died due to road accident and by high tension electric shock.
I have visited this temple during my school days alongwith my respect
father Pandit Dina Nath Bhat who often used to tell me the stories
associated with Shailputri.
The biggest congregation of devotees at the shrine takes place on Ram
Navami. People from nearby towns like Sopore, Kupwara, Handwara, Seer
Jagir etc. used to come and join the congregation. Koti Tirth (Holiest
of Holy Shrine), Bhairav Mandir (amidst an almond orchard at the foot of
Gosainteng), Gosainteng (abode of seven springs and a temple sacred to
the memory of the heroes of Ramayana, including that of Sita) and
Chhatipadshahi (Sixth Sikh Guru has visited this place) are located on
the right bank of Vitasta, opposite to Shailputri Shrine. Replica of
Shailputri has been constructed by the devotees of the Mother at Munshi
Chek, Jammu.
In dark nights, under the shade of the Chinar, the sacred place present
an atmosphere where one becomes one with God and in moonlit nights,
devotees experienced something mystic all over in the shrine of
Shailputri.
Notes and References
-
Place
Names in Kashmir by B.K.Raina and S.L.Sadhu, published by Bharatiya
Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai and Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New
Delhi.
-
Encyclopaedia:
Kashmiri Pandit Culture and Heritage by Shri C. L. Kaul, published by
Ansh Publications and Distributors, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi.
-
Interview
dated: 16.07.2013 with Shri Ramesh Kumar Bhat son of Shri Triloki Nath
Bhat resident of Rangpath, Baramulla at present Trilok Pur, Gole Gujral,
Jammu
-
Interview dated: 16.07.2013 with Shri Soom Nath Mantoo son of Shri
Shamboo Nath Mantoo resident of Ramghat, Baramulla at present 66 D/C,
Gandhi Nagar, Jammu.
-
Interview dated: 01.09.2013 with Master Anoop Singh son of Sardar Deva Singh resident of Noor
Bagh, Baramulla.
-
On the spot reporting from Shailputri Shrine, Baramulla by Shri
Harbinder Singh son of Shri Jagjit Singh resident of village
Chandusa, Baramulla.
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